The Metamorphosis and Ethan Frome :: Free Essay Writer

The Metamorphosis and Ethan FromeThe usage of life can bring some people a sense of stability and happiness. For others this routine can be the cause of immense discontent and a feeling of entrapment. The main characters of the books The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton both experience this feeling of world pin down by their everyday responsibilities and environment. Family tariff, societal expectation, and their internal and impertinent appearances trap both Gregor Samsa and Ethan Frome.One main cause for Gregor being trapped is his obligation to his family. His pecuniary obligation alone is enough to put a great amount of pressure on him. His job and his secret plan to put his sister finished school also place a demand on him. Gregor is solely responsible for repaying his parents old debts. The weight this puts on him is demonstrated when he says, Well, I oasist given up hope completely once Ive gotten the money together to pay off my par ents debt to him-that will probably take another(prenominal) five or six years-Im going to do it without fail(Kafka 4). Even after discovering he has turned into a bug he still feels his obligation to his family.Society also has expectations of Gregor that he cannot escape even when he is locked up in the room that eventually becomes his grave. On one of his agonizing sleepless nights he is still thinking of his workday and of people he mingles with on a daily basis. He realizes that instead of helping him and his family, they were all inaccessible and he was jolly when they faded away(Kafka 43). Gregor receives no help from the society that he is so loyal to.Gregor is obviously trapped by his external appearance. His physical limitations deepen his feeling of futility. His external appearance mimics his internal feelings, as he now feels helpless by not being able to physically carry out his responsibilities.Ethan was also trapped by obligation to his family. It trapped him when he wanted to go off with Mattie and it trapped him for the rest of his life after the accident. Zeena was the main source of the futility of Ethans existence. This is shown when Ethan reflects grimly that his seven years with Zeena seemed to Starkfield not so long(Wharton 64).

A Different Life :: essays research papers

                                             A Different Life          Silence came in seventh grade. It was in seventh grade that I began the first of sextuplet years at a private school. In those six years I realized that it was not only I who had lost their vocalize I was one among many who were denied the opportunity to speak. I distinctly remember the first time they betrayed me and informed me that my voice was invalid. A close friend of mine from wide-eyed school wanted to attend and I was telling others about him- telling them how neat he was. The three people whom I had felt I could trust- the headmaster, schoolman dean, and dean of students- cornered me and attacked me for things that I had supposedly said. They did not believe me when I pleaded my case , saying, "He is my friend. Why would I say such horrible things?" They three looked at each other, stuck their noses in the air and simply explained that it sounded like the kind of thing I would do. They did not know me. They had accepted a rumor as truth. They attacked me and cut my testimony. Unfortunately, this moment was merely the beginning of the silencing. It continued until the day I graduated. They condemned me for being curious and outspoken and lively. They shut me down for every brilliant idea I proposed, telling me that it was against the rules. I lived, quite literally, in this put away. I could not win by being myself, so I engulfed myself in obtaining their approval through silence and obedience. And I remember exactly what he said to me when I left. On June 4, 1999 my headmaster said to me, "Saint James has really changed you. Youve really calmed down a lot. Youve become a real lady." I finally gained his approval, but at what cost? Even then, wh en I was leaving, I could not find the voice to emit at him and tell him how deeply he had hurt me. I did not have the voice to tell him about all the pain he had brought me. I did not have the voice to tell him that I would have forfeited all of the "ladiness" I had gained over six years if I could have my voice back. Saint James taught me to bottle my emotions, because whenever I was open with them I would get in trouble.

Mono Lake :: Biology Science Papers

Mono Lake1. Mono LakeMono Lake is a unique body of water lying in the Eastern Sierra Nevadas. For decades its water sources were tapped by the Los Angeles department of Water and Power (DWP) to use for farming because the lakes high elevation would allow them to easily transport the water to the city and because the water was so saline, people believed it was worthless. The traffic pattern traits by which people judge lakes were lacking in Mono fish could not survive in the salty water, the water was harsh to swim in because of the chemicals and salinity, the scenery was unlike other lakes because there were no trees. Mono Lake appeared to be an isolated lake in the middle of the desert, which DWP could use as they wished. What they hadnt known at the date was the rich history of the lake and the important place it held in the biological world. The geological history of the Western United States has shaped Mono and given it the properties it has, while those properties conse crate given it a specific role in the migration of birds. Plate TectonicsThe geological processes that formed and continue to influence Mono Lake began approximately 215 million geezerhood ago when the Farallon sea floor home office began subducting, or pushing, under the North American plate. The North American plate was pushed over the sea floor plate by the force of the African and South American plates rifting apart. The friction from the North American plate rubbing against the Farallon plate melted some of the continental rocks, which accordingly erupted in a long volcano chain, the Sierran Arc, stretching from Alaska to Mexico inland from the coast. Over time, the unerupted magma chambers from the Sierran Arc cooled into the granitic batholith that is the Sierra Nevadas (Tierney, 26-27). 2. Diagram of Subduction Zone rough 20 million years ago the last part of the Farallon sea floor plate subducted under the North American plate. This put the North American plate and the Pacific plate into contact, but unlike the Farallon sea floor plate, the Pacific plate sheared against the side of the North American plate. Because there was no plate subducting, the North American plate was in direct contact with the mantle (Tierney, 29). Heat from the mantle made the continental archness more ductile, which allowed the crust to extend and thin.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

In the Shakespearean play, MacBeth, A Scottish nobleman starts off by killing one man to become king but in the end has left a whole path of destruction behind him. MacBeth, is the main character who alongside his wife, Lady MacBeth, kills just to become king. Then kills again just so he can keep the throne, and once he becomes suspicious of another person he kills them. So I will chastise to show the advancement of MacBeth&8217s aggression. At first MacBeth is rather nervous to commit the first murder, and Lady M. isn&8217t affected but after that MacBeth begins to dumbfound no remorse. In the first 2 acts of the play, MacBeth, Lady M. keeps on urging MacBeth to kill Duncan, The king. So I will compare and contrast the beginning attitudes of MacBeth and L. MacBeth and as the story goes on.In 1.3 of MacBeth, MacBeth and Banquo meet the Weird Sisters and they greet MacBeth, &8220Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and King hereafter. This is the beginning of the demise of MacBeth&82 17s sanity. As the story goes on and MacBeth is at Duncan&8217s castle, 1.4, Duncan call his son, Malcolm, the new Prince of Cumberland, meaning he shall be king. MacBeth then says, &8220The Prince of Cumberland That is a step on which I must fall down or else o&8217erleap, For in my way it lies. Stars, Hide your fires Let not light see my black and deep desires. I think this is when he gets the first ideas of murder into his head. But when he goes home and tells L. MacBeth that Duncan is coming to stay for the night she says, &8220 O never, that sun shall morrow see.(1.5) She is getting the same ideas of MacBeth of killing Duncan, but MacBeth begins to think it is a bad idea. And MacBeth even says, 1.7, &8220 We shall conk no further in this business. But L. MacBeth seems to want it more when she said back in 1.5, &8220 Come, you spirits, That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me to the toenail top-full of direst cruelty. Implying that she wants to become cruel and evil enough to commit the deed herself. Finally in 2.2 MacBeth kills Duncan.After the murder of Duncan MacBeth becomes real jittery and nervous. He shows his nervous he was when he was killing Duncan when he said he heard voices, &8220Sleep no more, MacBeth does murder sleep &8220Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor.

Alcohol and Drinking - Alcoholism as a Disease Essay -- Exploratory Es

Alcoholism as a Disease Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. juvenile evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the bodys red cells, causing them to adhere to ane some other in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called sludge, can be created by the ingestion of alcohol(Burgess,p.130). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the bodys organs, the main one being the brain. At death, the brain of the dependent drinker or alcoholic invariably will reveal enormous numbers of small areas of atrophy in which brain cells have been destroyed(Burgess,p.131). The brain begins to shrink when under the influence of alcohol. This means that the space that a brain cell took up is now bygone because the cell has been destroyed. In extreme cases most of what is left of the brain may be nothing but connective and structural tissue. The neurons themselves, the cells that do the work of the brain, have been destr oyed(Burgess,p.132). If drinkers, casual or heavy, knew more about alcohol and the effects this drug has on the brain, the number of drinkers would probably drop to a very low occur of people. Unfortunately, this type of material is not made available to many people unless people got suddenly interested to look up the effects alcohol has on the body. There is another type of disease people do not know about called the D.T.s. This disease is that of body convulsions. This disease is commonly mistaken as being epilepsy, but it is caused by alcohol. It is caused by people trying to quit drinking. The body is suddenly taken off a sedative and is having withdrawals. The withdrawals are convulsions which in like manner kills brain cells. Depende... ...t also all of the innocent people that are involved. With so many scary things that can happen to the body, why enhance death when a person ca try to prevent it? Works Cited Burgess, Louise Bailey. Alcohol and your health 1973. Denzi n, Norman K. The Recovering Alcoholic. New York Sage Publications, 1987. Works Consutled Berger, Gilda. Alcoholism and the family. New York Franking Watts, 1993. Graeber, Laurel. are you Dying for a Drink? Teenagers and Alcohol Abuse. NewYork Julian Messner, 1992. Kowalski, Kathiann. The Dangers of Alcohol. Current Health 2 February 1998 6-7. CD-ROM. Marlatt, Alan G. Alcoholism Disease or Addiction? Professional Counselor October 1996 104. Schulte, Brigid. How to view with a Family Alcoholic. Knight-Ridder Newspaper 23 December 1997. CD-ROM.

Misguided Messages in The Awakening and A Dolls House :: comparison compare contrast essays

Misguided Messages in The Awakening and A Dolls House Just because a novel is considered a classic doesnt mean theMessages it conveys to its readers ar correct. Even though both TheAwakening by Kate Chopin and A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen are greatliterary works, close to of the ideas embodied in them arent appropriate. two works suggest that it is common for husbands to be condescending totheir wives that if a person has enough money, they can have someone elseraise their children for them and that if a marriage gets hard, the fitshould just give up on each other. Taking the stories for their literary qualities alone, they areboth quite good. Both novels are very well written. Chopin and Ibsen developed their char shapeers well, used excellent imagery, and toldinteresting stories. Both shared their strong convictions even though theyknew their ideas werent popular. The strong beliefs that are shared inthese stories are part of what makes them classics. However, some of the idea s that are portrayed in these works arentideas readers should assume to be true or good. The first of these is thetheory that husbands will most likely treat their wives as inferiors afterthey are married. In A Dolls House, Torvald is blatantly condescending toNora. He calls her his little squirrel or little skylark and requiresher to do tricks to please him. In addition, he treats her like a child,a feather head who cant understand anything important. In The Awakening,Leonce is more subtle in his mistreatment of his wife. He tries to controlEdna by pushing his height until she does what he wants. He also tries tomake her feel bad about herself. For example, he tells her she isnt agood mother to their sons. Although this type of behavior is condemned inboth of these stories, just characterizing this behavior as normal sends abad message. If young men are repeatedly told that this is how adult malesact, they will inevitably feel that they should act this way when they aremarried. Th e second bad idea conveyed by these stories is that if a personcan afford to, they should have someone else raise their children for them.In A Dolls House, Nora and Torvald have a nanny who takes business organisation of theirchildren for them. This is the same nanny who Noras parents had paid toraise her. Also, in The Awakening, Leonce and Edna not only have a personwho takes care of their children for them but, when Edna moves to the

Misguided Messages in The Awakening and A Dolls House :: comparison compare contrast essays

Misguided Messages in The Awakening and A Dolls House Just because a fable is considered a classic doesnt mean theMessages it conveys to its readers are correct. Even though both TheAwakening by Kate Chopin and A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen are greatliterary works, some of the ideas embodied in them arent appropriate. twain works suggest that it is common for husbands to be condescending totheir wives that if a person has enough money, they can claim person elseraise their children for them and that if a marriage gets hard, the coupleshould just give up on each other. Taking the stories for their literary qualities alone, they areboth quite good. Both novels are very well written. Chopin and Ibsendeveloped their characters well, used excellent imagery, and toldinteresting stories. Both share their strong convictions even though theyknew their ideas werent popular. The strong beliefs that are shared inthese stories are part of what makes them classics. However, some of the ideas that are portrayed in these works arentideas readers should assume to be true or good. The first of these is thetheory that husbands give most likely treat their wives as inferiors afterthey are married. In A Dolls House, Torvald is blatantly condescending toNora. He calls her his little squirrel or little gambol and requiresher to do tricks to please him. In addition, he treats her like a child,a feather head who cant understand anything important. In The Awakening,Leonce is more subtle in his mistreatment of his wife. He tries to controlEdna by pushing his point until she does what he wants. He also tries tomake her feel bad about herself. For example, he tells her she isnt agood draw to their sons. Although this type of behavior is condemned inboth of these stories, just characterizing this behavior as normal sends abad message. If young men are repeatedly told that this is how giving malesact, they will inevitably feel that they should act this way when they aremarried. The second bad idea conveyed by these stories is that if a personcan afford to, they should have someone else raise their children for them.In A Dolls House, Nora and Torvald have a nanny who takes care of theirchildren for them. This is the same nanny who Noras parents had paid toraise her. Also, in The Awakening, Leonce and Edna not sole(prenominal) have a personwho takes care of their children for them but, when Edna moves to the

Chapter 8 Flight of the Fat Lady

In no time at all, Defense Against the Dark Arts had become most deals preferent break. Only Draco Malfoy and his gang of Slytherins had anything bad to say ab verboten prof Lupin. construe at the state of his robes, Malfoy would say in a loud talk as professor Lupin passed. He dresses the likes of our old house elf. merely no one else c ared that prof Lupins robes were patched and frayed. His next few lessons were in effect(p) as inte eternal sleeping as the first. after Boggarts, they studied Red Caps, nasty little goblin-like cr dischargeures that lurked wherever there had been bloodshed in the dungeons of castles and the potholes of deserted battlefields, waiting to bludgeon those who had gotten lost. From Red Caps they moved on to Kappas, creepy. water-d soundlyers that looked like scaly monkeys, with webbed hands itching to strangle unwitting waders in their ponds. harass unless wished he was as happy with some of his other classes. Worst of all was Potions. Snape was i n a particularly vindictive snappishness these days, and no one was in any enquiry why. The story of the Boggart assuming Snapes shape, and the way that Neville had dressed it in his grandmothers clothes, had traveled through the school like wildfire. Snape didnt seem to find it funny. His eyes flashed menacingly at the materially mention of Professor Lupins name, and he was bullying Neville worse than ever. rile was also growing to dread the hours he spent in Professor Trelawneys stifling lift populate, deciphering lopsided shapes and symbols, trying to ignore the way Professor Trelawneys enormous eyes filled with tears e truly time she looked at him. He couldnt like Professor Trelawney, even though she was treated with respect bordering on reverence by many of the class. Parvati Patil and lilac Br knowledge had taken to haunting Professor Trelawneys tower room at lunch times, and always returned with annoyingly superior looks on their faces, as though they knew things the ot hers didnt. They had also started using hushed voices whenever they radius to rile, as though he were on his deathbed.Nobody really liked Care of Magical Creatures, which, aft(prenominal) the action-packed first class, had become extremely dull. Hagrid seemed to have lost his confidence. They were now spending lesson after lesson learning how to look after flobberworms, which had to be some of the most boring creatures in existence.Why would anyone bother spirit after them? verbalise Ron, after unless another hour of poking shredded lettuce polish the flobberworms throats.At the start of October, however, irritate had something else to occupy him, something so enjoyable it more(prenominal) than make up for his dissatisfactory classes. The Quidditch season was approaching, and O1iver Wood, Captain of the Gryffindor team, called a meeting on Thursday even to discuss tactics for the new season.There were seven people on a Quidditch team three Chasers, whose job it was to score goals by putting the Quaffle (a red, soccer-sized ball) through one of the fifty-foot-high hoops at each end of the field two Beaters, who were fit out with heavy bats to repel the Bludgers (two heavy black balls that zoomed near trying to attack the players) a Keeper, who defended the goal posts, and the Seeker, who had the hardest job of all, that of catching the Golden Snitch, a tiny, winged, walnut-sized ball, whose enthral ended the game and earned the Seekers team an extra one hundred and fifty points.Oliver Wood was a burly seventeen-year-old, now in his seventh and last(a) year at Hogwarts. There was a quiet sort of desperation in his voice as he addressed his six fellow team members in the chilly locker rooms on the edge of the darkening Quidditch field.This is our last chance my last chance to win the Quidditch Cup, he told them, striding up and muckle in front of them. Ill be leaving at the end of this year. Ill never ingest another shot at it.Gryffindor hasnt wo n for seven years now. Okay, so weve had the worst luck in the world injuries then the tournament getting called off last year. Wood swallowed, as though the memory so far brought a lump to his throat. But we also know weve got the crush ruddy team in the school, he express, punching a fist into his other hand, the old manic look back in his eye. Weve got three superb Chasers.Wood pointed at Alicia Spinner, Angelina Johnson, and Katie Bell.Weve got two unbeatable Beaters.Stop it, Oliver, youre embarrassing us, say Fred and George Weasley together, pretending to blush.And weve got a Seeker who has never failed to win us a match Wood rumbled, glaring at Harry with a kind of furious pride. And me, he added as an after sight.We conceive youre genuinely good too, Oliver, utter George.Spanking good Keeper, give tongue to Fred.The point is, Wood went on, resuming his pacing, the Quidditch Cup should have had our name on it these last two years. Ever since Harry joined the t eam, Ive thought the thing was in the bag. But we havent got it, and this years the last chance well get to finally see our name on the thingWood spoke so dejectedly that even Fred and George looked sympathetic.Oliver, this years our year, said Fred.Well do it, Oliver said Angelina.Definitely, said Harry.Full of determination, the team started training sessions, three evenings a week. The weather was getting colder and wetter, the nights darker, however no amount of mud, wind, or rain could tarnish Harrys wonderful vision of finally winning the huge, silver Quidditch Cup.Harry returned to the Gryffindor rough-cut room one evening after training, cold and stiff but pleased with the way practice had gone, to find the room buzzing excitedly.Whats happened?, he asked Ron and Hermione, who were sit down in two of the best chairs by the fireside and completing some star charts for Astronomy.First Hogsmeade weekend, said Ron, pointing at a notice that had appeared on the battered old b ulletin board. stamp out of October. Halloween.Excellent, said Fred, who had followed Harry through the enactment hole. I need to visit Zonkos. Im nearly out of Stink Pellets.Harry threw himself into a chair beside Ron, his high spirits ebbing away. Hermione seemed to read his mind.Harry, Im received youll be able to go next time, she said. Theyre bound to catch Black soon. Hes been sighted once already.Blacks not fool sufficiency to try anything in Hogsmeade, said Ron. Ask McGonagall if you can go this time, Harry. The next one might not be for ages Ron said Hermione. Harrys supposed to stay in school He cant be the only third year left behind, said Ron. Ask McGonagall, go on, Harry Yeah, I imply I will, said Harry, making up his mind.Hermione opened her mouth to press, but at that moment Crookshanks leapt lightly onto her lap. A large, dead spider was dangling from his mouth.Does he have to eat that in front of us? said Ron, scowling.Clever Crookshanks, did you catch that al l by yourself? said Hermione.Crookshanks slowly chewed up the spider, his yellow eyes fixed insolently on Ron.Just keep him over there, thats all, said Ron irritably, turning back to his star chart. Ive got Scabbers asleep in my bag.Harry yawned. He really wanted to go to bed, but he still had his own star chart to complete. He pulled his bag toward him, took out parchment, ink, and quill, and started work.You can copy mine, if you like, said Ron, labeling his last star with a flourish and shoving the chart toward Harry.Hermione, who disapproved of copying, pursed her lips but didnt say anything. Crookshanks was still staring unblinkingly at Ron, flicking the end of his bushy tail. Then, without warning, he pounced.OY Ron roared, seizing his bag as Crookshanks sank iv sets of claws deep inside it and began tearing ferociously. GET OFF, YOU STUPID ANIMALRon tried to pull the bag away from Crookshanks, but Crookshanks clung on, spitting and slashing.Ron, dont hurt him squealed Hermio ne the whole gross room was watching Ron whirled the bag around, Crookshanks still clinging to it, and Scabbers came flying out of the top CATCH THAT CAT Ron yelled as Crookshanks uncaringd himself from the remnants of the bag, sprang over the table, and chased after the affright Scabbers.George Weasley do a lunge for Crookshanks but missed Scabbers streaked through twenty pairs of legs and shot beneath an old chest of drawers. Crookshanks skidded to a halt, crouched low on his bandy legs, and started making furious swipes beneath it with his front paw.Ron and Hermione hurried over Hermione grabbed Crookshanks around the middle and heaved him away Ron threw himself onto his stomach and, with enormous difficulty, pulled Scabbers out by the tail.Look at him he said furiously to Hermione, dangling Scabbers in front of her. Hes skin and bone You keep that cat away from himCrookshanks doesnt make its wrong said Hermione, her voice shaking. each(prenominal) cats chase rats, RonTher es something funny about that animal said Ron, who was trying to persuade a frantically wiggling Scabbers back into his pocket. It comprehend me say that Scabbers was in my bagOh, what rubbish, said Hermione impatiently. Crookshanks could smell him, Ron, how else dyou think That cats got it in for Scabbers said Ron, ignoring the people around him, who were starting to giggle. And Scabbers was here first, and hes illRon marched through the common room and out of sight up the stairs to the boys dormitories. *******Ron was still in a bad mood with Hermione next day. He barely talked to her all through Herbology, even though he, Harry, and Hermione were working together on the same Puffapod.Hows Scabbers? Hermione asked timidly as they stripped fat pink pods from the plants and emptied the shining beans into a wooden pail.Hes hiding at the sound of my bed, shaking, said Ron angrily, missing the pail and scattering beans over the greenhouse floor.Careful, Weasley, careful cried Profess or Sprout as the beans burst into bloom before their very eyes.They had metamorphosis next. Harry, who had resolved to ask Professor McGonagall after the lesson whether he could go into Hogsmeade with the rest, joined the line outside the class trying to decide how he was going to argue his case. He was distracted, however, by a disturbance at the front of the line. chromatic Brown seemed to be crying. Parvati had her arm around her and was explaining something to Seamus Finnigan and Dean Thomas, who were expression very serious.Whats the matter, Lavender? said Hermione anxiously as she, Harry, and Ron went to join the group.She got a letter from home this morning, Parvati whispered. Its her rab place, Binky. Hes been killed by a fox.Oh, said Hermione, Im sorry, Lavender.I should have known said Lavender tragically. You know what day it is?Er The sixteenth of October That thing youre dreading, it will happen on the sixteenth of October Remember? She was right, she was rightThe whol e class was gathered around Lavender now. Seamus shook his head seriously. Hermione hesitated then she said, You you were dreading Binky being killed by a fox?Well, not necessarily by a fox, said Lavender, looking up at Hermione with streaming eyes, but I was obviously dreading him dying, wasnt I?Oh, said Hermione. She paused again. Then Was Binky an old rabbit?N no sobbed Lavender. H he was only a babyParvati tightened her arm around Lavenders shoulders.But then, why would you dread him dying? said Hermione.Parvati glared at her.Well, look at it logically, said Hermione, turning to the rest of the group. I mean, Binky didnt even die today, did he? Lavender just got the news today Lavender wailed clamorously. ?C and she cant have been dreading it, because its come as a real shock Dont mind Hermione, Lavender, said Ron loudly, she doesnt think other peoples pets matter very much.Professor McGonagall opened the classroom door at that moment, which was perhaps lucky Hermione and Ro n were looking daggers at each other, and when they got into class, they seated themselves on either side of Harry and didnt talk to each other for the whole class.Harry still hadnt decided what he was going to say to Professor McGonagall when the bell rang at the end of the lesson, but it was she who brought up the subject of Hogsmeade first.One moment, please she called as the class made to leave. As youre all in my House, you should hand Hogsmeade permission forms to me before Halloween. No form, no visiting the village, so dont forgetNeville put up his hand.Please, Professor, I I think Ive lost Your grandmother sent yours to me directly, Longbottom, said Professor McGonagall. She seemed to think it was safer. Well, thats all, you may leave.Ask her now, Ron hissed at Harry.Oh. but Hermione began.Go for it, Harry, said Ron stubbornly.Harry waited for the rest of the class to disappear, then headed nervously for Professor McGonagalls desk.Yes, Potter? Harry took a deep breath.Pro fessor, my aunt and uncle er forgot to sign my form, he said.Professor McGonagall looked over her square spectacles at him but didnt say anything.So er dyou think it would be all right mean, will It be okay if I if I go to Hogsmeade?Professor McGonagall looked down and began shuffling papers on her desk.Im afraid not, Potter, she said. You heard what I said. No form, no visiting the village. Thats the rule.But Professor, my aunt and uncle you know, theyre Muggles, they dont really understand about about Hogwarts forms and stuff, Harry said, while Ron egged him on with vigorous nods. If you said I could go But I dont say so, said Professor McGonagall, rest up and piling her papers neatly into a drawer. The form clearly states that the parent or guardian must give permission. She turned to look at him, with an odd expression on her face. Was it pity? Im sorry, Potter, but thats my final word. You had better hurry, or youll be late for your next lesson.******There was nothing to be done. Ron called Professor McGonagall a lot of names that greatly annoyed Hermione Hermione assumed an all-for-the-best expression that made Ron even angrier, and Harry had to endure everyone in the class talking loudly and happily about what they were going to do first, once they got into Hogsmeade.Theres always the fertilise, said Ron, in an effort to cheer Harry up. You know, the Halloween feast, in the evening.Yeah, said Harry gloomily, great.The Halloween feast was always good, but it would taste a lot better if he was coming to it after a day in Hogsmeade with everyone else. nix anyone said made him olfactory perception any better about being left behind. Dean Thomas, who was good with a quill, had offered to forge Uncle Vernons signature on the form, but as Harry had already told Professor McGonagall he hadnt had it signed, that was no good. Ron halfheartedly suggested the Invisibility Cloak, but Hermione stamped on that one, reminding Ron what Dumbledore had told t hem about the Dementors being able to see through them. Percy had what were possibly the least right-hand words of comfort.They make a fuss about Hogsmeade, but I assure you, Harry, its not all its cracked up to be, he said seriously. All right, the sweetshops rather good, and Zonkos Joke Shops frankly dangerous, and yes, the Shrieking Shacks always worth a visit, but really, Harry, apart from that, youre not missing anything.******On Halloween morning, Harry awoke with the rest and went down to breakfast, mite thoroughly depressed, though doing his best to act normally.Well bring you lots of sweets back from Honeydukes, said Hermione, looking desperately sorry for him.Yeah, loads, said Ron. He and Hermione had finally forgotten their squabble about Crookshanks in the face of Harrys difficulties.Dont worry about me, said Harry, in what he hoped was at, offhand voice, Ill see you at the feast. Have a good time.He accompanied them to the entrance hall, where Filch, the caretaker, wa s standing inside the front doors, checking off names against a long list, peering suspiciously into every face, and making sure that no one was sneaking out who shouldnt be going.Staying here, Potter? shouted Malfoy, who was standing in line with Crabbe and Goyle. Scared of passing the Dementors?Harry ignored him and made his solitary way up the marble staircase, through the deserted corridors, and back to Gryffindor Tower.Password? said the Fat Lady, jerking out of a doze.Fortuna Major, said Harry listlessly.The portrait swung open and he climbed through the hole into the common room. It was effective of chattering first-and second-years, and a few older students, who had obviously visited Hogsmeade so often the whatnot had worn off.Harry Harry Hi, HarryIt was Colin Creevey, a second year who was deeply in awe of Harry and never missed an opportunity to plow to him.Arent you going to Hogsmeade, Harry? Why not? Hey Colin looked eagerly around at his friends you can come and si t with us, if you like, HarryEr no, thanks, Colin, said Harry, who wasnt in the mood to have a lot of people staring avidly at the scar on his forehead. I Ive got to go to the library, got to get some work done.After that, he had no choice but to turn right around and head back out of the portrait hole again.What was the point of waking me up? the Fat Lady called grumpily after him as he walked away.Harry wandered dispiritedly toward the library, but halfway there he changed his mind he didnt feel like working. He turned around and came face-to-face with Filch, who had obviously just seen off the last of the Hogsmeade visitors.What are you doing? Filch snarled suspiciously.Nothing, said Harry truthfully.Nothing spat Filch, his jowls quivering unpleasantly. A likely story Sneaking around on your own why arent you in Hogsmeade buying Stink Pellets and Belch mill and Whizzing Worms like the rest of your nasty little friends?Harry shrugged.Well, get back to your common room where yo u belong snapped Filch, and he stood glaring until Harry had passed out of sight.But Harry didnt go back to the common room he climbed a staircase, thinking vaguely of visiting the Owlery to see Hedwig, and was walking along another corridor when a voice from inside one of the rooms said, Harry?Harry doubled back to see who had spoken and met Professor Lupin, looking around his office door.What are you doing? said Lupin, though in a very different voice from Filch. Where are Ron and Hermione?Hogsmeade, said Harry, in a would-be casual voice.Ah, said Lupin. He considered Harry for a moment. Why dont you come in? Ive just taken delivery of a Grindylow for our next lesson.A what? said Harry.He followed Lupin into his office. In the corner stood a very large tank of water. A sickly green creature with sharp little horns had its face pressed against the glass, pulling faces and flexing its long, thin fingers.Water demon, said Lupin, surveying the Grindylow thoughtfully. We shouldnt have much difficulty with him, not after the Kappas. The trick is to break his grip. You notice the abnormally long fingers? Strong, but very brittle.The Grindylow bared its green teeth and then buried itself in a tangle of weeds in a corner.Cup of tea? Lupin said, looking around for his kettle. I was just thinking of making one.All right, said Harry awkwardly.Lupin tapped the kettle with his wand and a blast of steam issued perfectly from the spout.Sit down, said Lupin, taking the lid off a dusty tin. Ive only got teabags, Im afraid but I daresay youve had enough of tea leaves?Harry looked at him. Lupins eyes were twinkling.How did you know about that? Harry asked.Professor McGonagall told me, said Lupin, passing Harry a chipped mug of tea. Youre not worried, are you?No, said Harry.He thought for a moment of telling Lupin about the dog hed seen in Magnolia Crescent but decided not to. He didnt want Lupin to think he was a coward, especially since Lupin already seemed to think he coul dnt cope with a Boggart.Something of Harrys thoughts seemed to have shown on his face, because Lupin said, Anything worrying you, Harry?No, Harry lied. He drank a bit of tea and watched the Grindylow brandishing a fist at him. Yes, he said suddenly, putting his tea down on Lupins desk. You know that day we fought the Boggart?Yes, said Lupin slowly.Why didnt you let me fight it? said Harry abruptly.Lupin raised his eyebrows.I would have thought that was obvious, Harry, he said, sounding surprised.Harry, who had pass judgment Lupin to deny that hed done any such thing, was taken aback.Why? he said again.Well, said Lupin, frowning slightly, I assumed that if the Boggart faced you, it would assume the shape of Lord Voldemort.Harry stared. Not only was this the last answer hed expected, but Lupin had said Voldemorts name. The only person Harry had ever heard say the name aloud (apart from himself) was Professor Dumbledore.Clearly, I was wrong, said Lupin, still frowning at Harry. But I didnt think it a good caprice for Lord Voldemort to materialize in the staffroom. I imagined that people would panic.I didnt think of Voldemort, said Harry honestly. I I remembered those Dementors.I see, said Lupin thoughtfully. Well, wellIm impressed. He smiled slightly at the look of surprise on Harrys face. That suggests that what you fear most of all is fear. Very wise, Harry.Harry didnt know what to say to that, so he drank some more tea.So youve been thinking that I didnt believe you capable of fighting the Boggart? said Lupin shrewdly.Wellyeah, said Harry. He was suddenly feeling a lot happier. Professor Lupin, you know the Dementors He was interrupted by a knock on the door.Come in, called Lupin.The door opened, and in came Snape. He was carrying a chalice, which was gage faintly, and stopped at the sight of Harry, his black eyes narrowing.Ah, Severus, said Lupin, smiling. Thanks very much. Could you leave it here on the desk for me?Snape set down the smoking goblet, his eyes wandering between Harry and Lupin.I was just showing Harry my Grindylow, said Lupin pleasantly, pointing at the tank.Fascinating, said Snape, without looking at it. You should absorb that directly, Lupin.Yes, Yes, I will, said Lupin.I made an entire cauldronful, Snape continued. If you need more.I should probably have some again tomorrow. Thanks very much, Severus.Not at all, said Snape, but there was a look in his eye Harry didnt like. He backed out of the room, unsmiling and watchful.Harry looked curiously at the goblet. Lupin smiled.Professor Snape has very kindly concocted a potion for me, he said. I have never been much of a potion-brewer and this one is particularly complex. He picked up the goblet and sniffed it. Pity sugar makes it useless, he added, taking a sip and shuddering.Why ? Harry began. Lupin looked at him and answered the unfinished question.Ive been feeling a bit off-color, he said. This potion is the only thing that helps. I am very lucky to be working al ongside Professor Snape there arent many wizards who are up to making it.Professor Lupin took another sip and Harry had a crazy urge to knock the goblet out of his hands.Professor Snapes very interest in the Dark Arts, he blurted out.Really? said Lupin, looking only mildly interested as he took another gulp of potion.Some people reckon Harry hesitated, then plunged recklessly on, some people reckon hed do anything to get the Defense Against the Dark Arts job.Lupin drained the goblet and pulled a face.Disgusting, he said. Well, Harry, Id better get back to work. See you at the feast later.Right, said Harry, putting down his empty teacup.The empty goblet was still smoking.********There you go, said Ron. We got as much as we could carry.A shower of brilliantly colored sweets fell into Harrys lap. It was dusk, and Ron and Hermione had just turned up in the common room, pink-faced from the cold wind and looking as though theyd had the time of their lives.Thanks, said Harry, picking up a packet of tiny black Pepper Imps. Whats Hogsmeade like? Where did you go?By the sound of it everywhere. Dervish and Banges, the wizarding equipment shop, Zonkos Joke Shop, into the Three Broomsticks for foaming mugs of hot butterbeer, and many places besides.The post office, Harry About two hundred owls, all sitting on shelves, all color-coded depending on how fast you want your letter to get thereHoneydukes has got a new kind of fudge they were giving out free samples, theres a bit, look We think we saw an ogre, honestly, they get all sorts at the Three Broomsticks Wish we could have brought you some butterbeer, really warms you up What did you do? said Hermione, looking anxious. Did you get any work done?No, said Harry. Lupin made me a cup of tea in his office. And then Snape came inHe told them all about the goblet. Rons mouth fell open.Lupin drank it? he gasped. Is he mad?Hermione checked her watch.Wed better go down, you know, the feastll be starting in fin minutes They hur ried through the portrait hole and into the crowd, still discussing Snape.But if he you know Hermione dropped her voice, glancing nervously around, if he was trying to to poison Lupin he wouldnt have done it in front of Harry.Yeah, maybe, said Harry as they reached the entrance hall and crossed into the Great Hall. It had been decorated with hundreds and hundreds of candle-filled pumpkins, a cloud of dither live bats, and many flaming orange streamers, which were swimming lazily across the stormy ceiling like brilliant watersnakes.The food was delicious even Hermione and Ron, who were full to bursting with Honeydukes sweets, managed second helpings of everything. Harry kept glancing at the staff table. Professor Lupin looked cheerful and as well as he ever did he was talking animatedly to tiny little Professor Flitwick, the Charms teacher. Harry moved his eyes along the table, to the place where Snape sat. Was he imagining it, or were Snapes eyes flickering toward Lupin more of ten than was natural?The feast finished with an entertainment provided by the Hogwarts ghosts. They popped out of the walls and tables to do a bit of formation gliding Nearly Headless Nick, the Gryffindor ghost, had a great success with a reenactment of his own botched beheading.It had been such a pleasant evening that Harrys good mood couldnt even be spoiled by Malfoy, who shouted through the crowd as they all left the hall, The Dementors send their love, PotterHarry, Ron, and Hermione followed the rest of the Gryffindors along the usual path to Gryffindor Tower, but when they reached the corridor that ended with the portrait of the Fat Lady, they found it jammed with students.Why isnt anyone going in? said Ron curiously.Harry peered over the heads in front of him. The portrait seemed to be closed.Let me through, please, came Percys voice, and he came bustling importantly through the crowd. Whats the holdup here? You cant all have forgotten the password excuse me, Im Head Boy And then a shut away fell over the crowd, from the front first, so that a chill seemed to spread down the corridor. They heard Percy say, in a suddenly sharp voice, Somebody get Professor Dumbledore. Quick.Peoples heads turned those at the back were standing on tiptoe.Whats going on? said Ginny, who had just arrived.A moment later, Professor Dumbledore was there, sweeping toward the portrait the Gryffindors squeezed together to let him through, and Harry, Ron, and Hermione moved closer to see what the trouble was.Oh, my Hermione grabbed Harrys arm.The Fat Lady had vanished from her portrait, which had been slashed so viciously that strips of canvas littered the floor great chunks of it had been torn away completely. Dumbledore took one quick look at the ruined painting and turned, his eyes somber, to see Professors McGonagall, Lupin, and Snape hurrying toward him.We need to find her, said Dumbledore. Professor McGonagall, please go to Mr. Filch at once and tell him to search every pai nting in the castle for the Fat Lady.Youll be lucky said a cackling voice.It was Peeves the Poltergeist, bobbing over the crowd and looking delighted, as he always did, at the sight of wreckage or worry.What do you mean, Peeves? said Dumbledore calmly, and Peevess grin faded a little. He didnt dare taunt Dumbledore. Instead he adopted an oily voice that was no better than his cackle. Ashamed, Your Headship, sir. Doesnt want to be seen. Shes a horrible mess. sawing machine her running through the landscape up on the fourth floor, sir, dodging between the trees. Crying something dreadful, he said happily. Poor thing. he added unconvincingly.Did she say who did it? said Dumbledore quietly.Oh yes, Professorhead, said Peeves, with the air of one cradling a large bombshell in his arms. He got very angry when she wouldnt let him in, you see. Peeves flipped over and grinned at Dumbledore from between his own legs. Nasty temper hes got, that Sirius Black.

Preistley’s main aim Essay

Preistleys main intension in An Inspector C eachs is to show the immorality in society. He accomplishes this by having severally character take on a separate stereotype of pre- war society. rotate is the industrious businessman, cold hearted and tight fisted. Mrs. Birling is the bossy, maternal wife who has no reason for any one who crosses her strict moral barriers. Eric, the son, is a loose cannon, a young man with mean p arnts who he cannot look to for help.Sheila is the almost spoilt daughter, who is all too quick to use her power, but still feels remorse later. Gerald is a slightly mature Eric. Still a bit irresponsible, he has the right narrow down of morals and is engaged to Sheila at the beginning of the play. Finally, Inspector Goole is the collective conscience of the group. Each of the characters matures slightly over the course of the play, excluding the parents who seem to be set in their ways. Right the way through the play Birling shows himself to be steadfastly ri ghtwing.His go throughs on society are that there is no such thing and that it is either man for himself. He is shown as having few kind emotions and is mostly celebrating Shelias wedding because of the business opportunities it will bring. Preistley is trying to show that these views are wrong. He does this at two levels. One is the more obvious he has been cast as the evil character that is mean to everyone. The other way is subtler. In all his predictions Birling is wrong as these two quotes show And I say there isnt a chance of war.The worlds developing so fast that itll make war impossible. Why, a friend of mine went over this liner last week the Titanic she sails next week forty six thousand eight nose candy tons New York in five days and every luxury and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable The play was set in 1912 but performed in 1946, so the audience would know that he was wrong about these thing and would subconsciously imagine him as wrong, making them more incl ined to agree with Preistleys view of an ideal society.Birlings actions and behaviour towards the other characters is typical of a right wing, pompous businessman. He treats all his offspring as tiny children, when they are both old enough to be married. His workers are treated like dirt, fired for wanting a slightly better wage. The Inspector is referred to as a crank, but only once he has left the house. The only person Birling treats fairly apart from himself is his wife, of whom he still takes a slightly get down view than she deserves.

Aquarius: A New Isotonic Sports Drink In Asia Essay

BackgroundAquarius is a new isotonic sports drink launched in Asia at the year 2012 by The Coca-Cola Company. Aquarius was introduced in Japan in year 1983 as a grapefruit flavored sports drink as a response to compete for market share with other isotonic sports drinks such as Pocari Sweat,H2O and 100plus.Aquarius was also the official sports drink for Olympics game in Barcelona in 1992 and 2012.As its a new launch product in Asia, theres a need to create cognisance to en adapted consumer to know and have a better understanding about this product. Aquarius is not only an isotonic drink that is able to replenish wellness but also contains various minerals such as Potassium, vitamins B3, B12, B6 and Guarana.Target AudienceWith the knowledge of psychographic characteristics is used to describe and identify customers and prospective customers and to advocate in developing strategies designed to appeal to specific segments of the market for Aquarius. Aquarius is created to target sports and health cautious consumers as there is a raise in health awareness as people are leading in a more health cautious behavior. Exercise had become a more fixedness routine and Aquarius is the right isotonic drink to replenish and crunch thirst after a steady-going workout.Thoughts and FeelingsConsumers are able to combine Aquarius as it is a product from a reputational beverage company The Coca-Cola. The Coca-Cola had been a leading beverage brand in the market with a good history background it created want in its products. Aquarius is an official isotonic drink for Olympics 1992 and 2012. With such a massive event and being the official drink had proven its value and gain trust in the market. Well known athletic had consume Aquarius during the game had given it trust on the brand.Objectives and MeasuresThe objective of Aquarius is to become the leading isotonic drink in the market. Measures can be achieved by conducting personal interviews, focus group interviews or conduct p ublic survey to measure how recognized is the brand to consumers.Behavioral payoffAquarius would become a brand recall, a brand that will imprint in a person mind. As Aquarius is targeting sporty and health cautious consumers, and then after a workout or they feel similar getting a soft drink to ease the thirst, Aquarius will be the number angiotensin-converting enzyme brand they will think of and reach out for.PositioningTelevision advertisement, sports events and sports and health magazines will be heavily advertising Aquarius to promote this product as it is new in Asia. Asia marketing would be on a heavier focus. Aquarius must be easily available, places such as school stadiums, drinks stores, vending machines and supermarkets will be carrying Aquarius. Pricing plays an important role it will be sold at an affordable rate. A slogan can be proposed such as endlessly Energized, this create a catchy term for people to have deeper impression of Aquarius isotonic drink. A striki ng logo to imprint in person mind, whenever consumer sees comparison will easily associate to Aquarius.StrategyA endurance contest run that held island wide can be a campaign to promote Aquarius. Proposal like Aquarius run which is held and official drink will Aquarius. Aquarius logo can be printed on the goodies bag and other merchandised included. By holding this event, it can create awareness and publicity, participants also get the chance to taste Aquarius and feel its benefits. Celebrity endorsement is also recommended, by getting a sporty and well known fame such as Jackie Chan. Jackie Chan is a well know international artiste and also an athletic, with his martial arts history and stunt act. He would be a good choice to endorse Aquarius. It will gain attraction and create notice of the brand in Asia or globally.Nitty Gritty DetailsThe deadline for client is 13 declination 2012 as client had a month to consider and get back. The budget for the production would be estimated at Eight hundred thousand dollars, this include marathon events and celebrity endorsement fee.BibliographyThe Coca Cola Company, 2012,Online,availablehttp//www.coca-cola.com.sg/beverage_benefits/aquarius.asp view on 13 November 2012 Rtbot,2012,Online,availablehttp//www.rtbot.net/Aquarius_(sports_drink) view on 13 November 2012 Conteneo,2012,Online,availablehttp//www.infodrinks.com/soft-drinks/sport-drinks/isotonic/aquarius/ view on 13 November 2012

The Digestive System

The Digestive System Why is it that 1 in 3 people perhaps even more stockly battles about configuration of digestion riddles? Understanding how the digestive system works will function to understand why digestive lines atomic number 18 so common. The digestive system is more than back up and intestines. It is a system of variety meat that turns forage into energy and is one of the most important starts the torso performs. There are some(prenominal) reasons that cause so many people to suffer with digestive problems. Three of the most common reasons are the lack of knowledge of how the digestive system works, poor nutriment and undiagnosed aesculapian conditions.Lack of knowledge of how the digestive system works is one of the many reasons that cause digestive problems. The digestive system is uniquely constructed to perform its specialized function of turning fodder into the energy and extracting nutrients necessary to sustain life. It does this by breaking subject fodder into its basic nutrients, which include vitamins and minerals, fats, carbohydrates, proteins and water, before transporting them to the small intestine, where most of the nutrients are kowtowed into the body.The digestive system takes place in the alimental erectal, a tube that runs from the mouth to the anus and includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, colon and rectum. The liver and pancreas also brook to digestion, but are not part of the alimentary canal. Digestion begins in the mouth, where chemical and mechanical digestion occurs. Food inters the mouth and is chewed by the teeth, turned over and mixed with tongue by the tongue.The sensations of smell and taste from the aliment sets up reflexes which stimulate the salivary glands, saliva is produced by the salivary glands and is released into the mouth. Saliva begins to break down the forage, moistening it and make it easier to swallow and contains a digestive enzyme called amylas e which breaks down the carbohydrates (starches and sugars). One of the most important functions of the mouth is chewing. Chewing breaks the food into pieces and allows food to be mashed into a soft upsurge that is easier to swallow and digest later.Movements by the tongue and the mouth push the food to the back of the pharynx for it to be swallowed. A flexible flap called the epiglottis closes over the windpipe to ensure that food cyphers the esophagus and not the wind pipe to save choking. Once the food is swallowed, it enters the esophagus, a muscular tube that is located between the throat and the stomach. Food is moved by peristalsis which pushes the food down through with(predicate) the esophagus to the stomach. The stomach is the widest part of the alimentary canal and acts as a informant for the food where it may remain for between 2 and 6 hours.The stomach has 3 main functions to store the swallowed food and liquid to mix up the food with various hormones, enzymes, in cluding pepsinogen which begins the digestion of protein, hydrochloric acid, and other chemicals and to slowly empty its contents into the small intestine. The wall of the stomach is impermeable to most substances, although it does absorb some water, electrolytes, certain drugs, and alcohol. At regular intervals a circular muscle at the light end of the stomach, the pylorus opens allowing small amounts of food, now known as chyme to enter the small intestine.Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the small intestine. The small intestine consists of 3 part the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. The small intestine has 2 important functions. First, the digestive process is completed here by enzymes and other substances made by intestinal cells, the pancreas, and the liver. Second, the small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the digestive process. The inner wall of the small intestine is covered by millions of tiny dactyl like projections called villi. The villi are c overed with tinier projections called microvilli.The combination of the two allows absorption of nutrients to occur. Undigested material travels next to the large intestine. The large intestine is to remove water and salts from the undigested material and to form solid waste that can be excreted. Bacteria in the large intestine help to break down the undigested materials. The remain contents of the large intestine are moved toward the rectum where feces are stored until they leave the body through the anus. The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. Accessory digestive organs which include the pancreas, liver and gall ladder are not part of the digestive tract or also known as the alimentary canal, but play an important role in the digestive process. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates it also makes sodium bicarbonate which neutralizes stomach acid. The liver produces bile, which helps the body absorb fat and it also regulates subs tances in the job cells. The gallbladder stores bile until it is needed. The enzymes and bile produced by these organs move through ducts into the small intestine where they help sectionalisation food.The nutrients from the small intestine travel through the blood to the liver, which help process the nutrients. Digestive problems results from poor nutrition. Good nutrition is essential for maintaining comme il faut functioning of the body systems especially the digestive system. Eating a well-balanced, nutritious diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are the best directions to prevent digestive problems and diseases (Lipski, 2005). The kinds and amounts of food a person eats and how the digestive system processes that food plays key roles in maintaining good health and preventing common digestive problems.Since the digestive system is responsible for(p) for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body and used for fuel, growth and cell repair. Good nutr ition is essential for maintaining beseeming functions of the body systems. Generally, health experts recommend eating fiber to help prevent constipation and diarrhea. Reduce fats and oils which can slow down digestion. They also suggest swallow plenty of water which helps lubricate food waste so that it passes more easily through the alimentary canal, it helps soften stool which may prevent constipation.water system also helps dissolve minerals, vitamins and other nutrients, there by facilitating their absorption by the bodys tissues. Good nutrition is not only essential for maintaining proper function of the body systems it is also essential for maintaining homeostasis of the body systems. The body needs good nutrition for the body systems to properly function correctly. The digestive system does countenance with homeostasis however it can not accomplish it alone. All organs systems work together to maintain homeostasis. The digestive system provides the nutrients needed for th e circulatory system.As the food moves through the stages of digestion (mechanical, peristalsis, chemical) it is broken down into simple water-soluble molecules that can cross cell membranes. Since the circulatory system is the transportation system of the body it transports wastes, gases, hormones, electrolytes and nutrients from good nutrition to and from the body cells. It also transports water to and from the tissues. So as these molecular-sized, water soluble particles pass through the cell membranes of cells in the digestive tract and pass through the walls of capillaries the nutrients are picked up by the blood for transport.Blood in the capillaries carries the nutrients to all the cells in the body. Red blood cells, White blood cells, and Platelets and Plasma all help to maintain homeostasis. Red blood cells transport oxygen and hydrogen ions throughout the body. White blood cells fights infections and platelets assist in blood clotting and the plasma transports the blood ce lls. None of these affairs can function without the nutrients supplied by the digestive system. Blood also maintains homeostasis of water, electrolytes and body temperature all by getting the nutrients necessary to function from the digestive system.The digestive system needs good nutrition to keep it functioning properly and all organs systems working together properly to maintain homeostasis. Undiagnosed average conditions will cause digestive problems if left untreated and is one of the most common reasons that so many people suffer with digestive problems. Nearly everyone suffers from pyrosis and indigestion now and then and these might be normal side effects of digestion, but when they occur often it might be signs of a problem and should have medical checkup attention.Seeking medical attention or being seen by a medical doctor will help to establish if the heartburn or indigestion are from normal side effects of digestion or whether any mechanical factor such as a hiatal h ernia or even silent ulcers of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum maybe causing the digestive problems. A hiatal hernia and silent ulcers if left untreated could turn into a serious problem which can cause expel, pain, scarring and difficulty in swallowing and can cause a chronic condition with complications.Treatment of heart burn and prevention of its complications are around always medical, not surgical procedures these days and, if followed faithfully are very effective. Peptic ulcers is another serious problem that many people have and do not even know it, one might mistaken them for heartburn, indigestion and nausea. The pain and discomfort comes and goes and sometimes lasting for days or even weeks. An ulcer can be treated by medication and usually takes about eight weeks to completely heal.If left untreated it can cause internal exhaust and more severe damage that might need surgical repair (Monroe, 2000). The digestive system is a complex system. There is a lot of teac hing that we know about this system and so much more that is nonoperational unknown. For example, for many years the American Heart Association has recommended taking aspirin to prevent heart attacks and strokes. Now, there appears to be a downside to taking a low dosage of aspirin daily. According to research taking a daily aspirin can cause serious problems in the digestive system.Research shows that people who take aspirin are at risk for excess gastro-intestinal bleeding or ulcers that perforate. So the question is does the risk balance the benefit? Through research they have found out that there are three factors that particularly contact developing gastro-intestinal complications they are the increased risk, male gender and ulcer history. All of those things are doubled when a person takes a daily low demigod aspirin and the complications can be serious including death. In fact five to ten percent of people with these complications will die from it.Research has proven that the thing that is in aspirin that causes these problems is the same thing that prevents heart disease and the same prostaglandin changes are the ones that somehow enhance the probability of developing gastrointestinal irritation that can lead to bleeding, that can lead to perforation. So research has taught us that there is a high risk of developing gastro-intestinal complications including bleeding or ulcers that perforate, with the use of a low daily dosage of aspirin especially in the male gender and in those with a past history of ulcers.Through this research we still do not understand why the risk is much higher for the male gender than the female gender, that mystery is still unknown. Reasons that cause so many people to suffer with digestive problems are the lack of knowledge of how the digestive system works, poor nutrition and undiagnosed medical conditions. The most obvious solution to maintaining good health and preventing digestive problems would be getting to know the digestive tract and understanding how it works, maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle and seek medical attention instead of letting the digestive problem turn into something much worse.The Digestive SystemThe human body consists of number of organ systems which work conjointly to execute functions of the body. The three most important human organ systems are circulatory, digestive and endocrine system. The main function of the digestive system is to process food in such a way that the energy molecules are absorbed by the body and the residues are left out. The physiological processes which are required for the digestive system are absorption, digestion, motility, discrimination and excretion (Margaret E. Smith, 2001) Digestive System Digestive system helps the body to maintain stability, equilibrium or balance.Digestive system contributes in homeostatic regulation of the body. The body would suffer if there is no regular supply of energy and nutrients from digestive system. The digestive system helps in absorption of ions, vitamins, organic substances and water that is necessary to the body. When the food is chewed and swallowed, the food is broken down in the digestive tract to very small nutrient molecules which can be easy to enter into the villi of small intestine. (Rebecca L. Johnson, 2004) Digestive enzymes are organize by the pancreas and the digestive tract.Besides this, the liver produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder to digest the fats. By the use of liverwort portal vein, blood passes from smaller intestine to the liver i. e. , in to the circulatory system. The liver is the vital organ of homeostasis and it monitors the blood. The liver produces urea by breaking down toxic substances like alcohol and other drugs. After eating, the liver stores glucose as glycogen and produces plasma proteins. Liver keeps the blood glucose concentration constant by release glucose in between eating. This is how the digestive system works along with the other systems which include circulatory system.Organs in the Digestive system There are some(prenominal) organs in the digestive system. The digestive system can be divided in to two systems. They are upper gastrointestinal tract and lower gastrointestinal tract. The upper gastrointestinal tract consists of several organs like mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and stomach. The lower gastrointestinal tract consists of small intestine, ileum, large intestine, anus and rectum. (Cheryl Jakab, 2007) The functions of some important organs include Oral Cavity The oral cavity or the mouth is the first part of the digestive system. It accepts food by way of ingestion.Here, the food will be broken in to smaller pieces and get mixed with saliva. Saliva helps as lubrication for the food particles. The oral cavity consists of different parts which are helpful in the digestive system. They are tongue and teeth. Small Intestine The small intestine is about 35 millimeteres in length and greyish purple in color. The small intestine is the longer intestine which is six to seven meters long. The small intestine has the general structure of the GI tract. The small intestine consists of exocrine cells in the mucosa which secretes peptidase, mucus, maltase, sucrose, lipase, maltase and enterokinase.Endocrine cells secrete secretin and cholecystokinin. The process of digestion is completed by the small intestine. It absorbs the nutrients and sends the residue to large intestine. The gall bladder, liver and pancreas are important organs in the digestive system which is closely related to the small intestine. Small intestine is divided in to duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The small intestine helps in several functions such as hormone secretion, intestinal juice secretion, ninety percent absorption, forward propulsion of contents and it is the major site of digestion.Rectum The rectum can be found in the lowest portion of the large intestine which connects to the anus and it i s a muscular tube like structure. The waste is stored here and permits expulsion when pressure on the rectal walls is caused. Anus The anus is formed by the surface layers of the body, skin and the intestine. The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which the waste matter is ejected from the body. There are many diseases which are caused due to the improper functioning of the digestive system. The most specific disease is the Ulcer.Ulcer is the disorder caused in the upper digestive tract. Ulcer can be demonstrable in the duodenum, lower part of the esophagus and in jejunum. There are many causes for ulcer. Some of them include certain medications, infection and disorders caused by the over secretion of stomach juices. The symptoms of gastric ulcer include weight loss, feeling heart burn and indigestion and gastrointestinal bleeding. Most of the patients suffering from ulcer suffer from bleeding which results in vomiting blood, anemia or blood through rectu m.

A Cycle Is a Biological Pathway or Process in Which the End Product

A pass is a biological pathway or process in which the end product of one cycle becomes the starting point for the next cycles Write an essay about cycles. Respiration Cells in the body use adenosine triphosphate as a direct reservoir of energy. The conversion of glucose into ATP takes place during breathing. There ar 2 different types of respiration, the more common and frequent one is aerobic respiration which is the production of ATP for energy. The less common one is anaerobic respiration, the production of lactate during which the muscles have a limited supply of oxygen, and however keep working despite this.Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and glucose present to work, and occurs in 4 stages 1) Glycolysis- the splitting of a 6- carbon copy glucose molecule into 2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. There is a net gain of 2 ATPs produced. 2) Link chemical reaction- the conversion of the 3-carbon pyruvate molecule into carbon dioxide and a 2-carbon acetyl co-enzyme A molecule. No ATP is produced during this stage. 3) Krebs cycle- the introduction of acetyl co-enzyme A into a cycle of oxidoreduction reactions that yield some ATP and a large number of electrons. ) Electron transport chain (ETC) electrons used from Krebs cycle to synthesise ATP with water produced as a by-product. Glycolysis is the initial stage of aerobic respiration, and it takes place in the cytoplasm of cell. It is the break gobble up of glucose into pyruvate, (which then goes in to initiate the second stage, the link reaction, and so forth) although in that location atomic number 18 a number of smaller enzyme controlled reactions for tis to take place. 1. Activation of glucose by phosphorylation.Before glucose can be split into 2 pyruvate molecules, it first must be make more reactive by the addition of 2 phosphate molecules, donated by the hydrolysis of 2 ATP molecules to ADP. This provides the energy to activate glucose. 2. Splitting of the phosphorylated glucose. Each glucose is spl it into 2 3-carbon molecules of triose phosphate. 3. Oxidation of triose phosphate. Triose phosphate is oxidised transferring 2 hydrogen molecules to a hydrogen-carrier, NAD to produce reduced NADH. 4. Production of ATP. Enzyme-controlled reactions convert each triose phosphate into 3-carbon pyruvate. molecules of ATP are regenerated from ADP. The pyruvate molecules produced in the cytoplasm during glycolysis are actively transported into the matrix of the mitochondria where the link reaction takes place. Pyruvate changees a series of reactions to be made into acetyl co-enzyme A. the following changes occur. * Pyruvate is oxidised by the removal of hydrogen. This hydrogen then binds to NAD to produce reduced NADH (which is later used to produce ATP late). * The 2-carbon molecule acetyl group that is thereby organize coalesces with a coenzyme, coenzyme A (CoA) to produce Acetyl CoA. A carbon dioxide molecule is formed from each pyruvate. Pyruvate + NAD + CoA acetyl CoA + reduced N ADH + CO2 The Krebs cycle involves a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that take place in the matrix of mitochondria. * the 2-carbon acetyl CoA from the link reaction with a 4-carbon molecule to produce a 6-carbon molecule. * This 6-carbon molecule loses carbon dioxide and hydrogens to give a 4-carbon molecule and a single molecule of ATP produced as a result of substrate-level phosphorylation. The 4-carbon molecule can presently combine with a new molecule of acetyl CoA to begin the cycle again. The ETC takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria, where ATP is synthesised using the ETC as followed * The H+ atoms produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle combine with the NAD and FAD that are attached to the cristae. * The reduced NAD and FAD donate the e- of the hydrogen atoms they are carrying to the first molecule in the ETC * This releases the protons from the hydrogen atoms and these protons are actively transported across the inner mitochondrion membrane. The e- meanwhile, pass along the ETC molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. The e- lose energy as the pass down the chain, some of this is used to combine ADP and inorganic phosphate to produce ATP. The remaining energy is used to from heat. * The protons accumulate in the space between the 2 mitochondrion membranes before they diffuse back into the mitochondrion matrix via protein channels. * At the end of the chain the e- combine with the protons and oxygen to form water.Oxygen is therefore the final acceptor in the ETC. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis occurs in 2 stages. The light-dependent reaction which takes place in the thylakoid, and the light-independent which takes place in the stroma. Both are vital for the production of ATP. The light-dependent needs light to undergo its reactions. The thylakoid contains chlorophyll which absorbs light. Photophosphorylation occurs during this reaction which is the making of ADP plus an inorganic phosphate to make ATP.NADP is also reduced during this reaction into NADPH. As well as this mishap in the light-dependent reaction, water is split via photolysis in to protons and electrons and oxygen which diffuses out of the leaf. The light-independent reactions does not require light to process, however it does rely on 2 major products of the light-dependent reaction to take place, ATP and NADPH. This reaction is shown in the form of the Calvin cycle. * CO2 enters the stroma from the light-dependent reaction, and produces 2 3-carbon glycerate-3-phosphate. 2 ATP molecules then donate 2 phosphate molecules to produce ADP. And NADPH is oxidized to produce NADP. This goes on to form 2 3-carbon triose phosphate molecules. * 1-carbon from the triose phosphate molecule is then stored to contribute to making glucose. ATP is then reduced again donating a phosphate molecule to produce 5-carbon rubiscose bisphosphate, this in turn then produces and enzyme rubisco which catalyses the whole cycle again. * This cycle must hap pen 6 times in decree to make 1 glucose molecule.

Junior Cert Study

emailprotected com www. cyclonerepertory. com Romeo and Juliet Session Themes & Topics 1 Shakespeares Main Source Arthur Brookes 3020 line narration poem The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet (first published in 1562). Brooke was reported to bind translated it from an Italian novella Giulietta e Romeo, a novella by the Italian author Matteo Bandello, written in 1554. The poems ending differs significantly from Shakespeares count the nurse is banished, the apothecary is hanged for his involvement in the deception while Friar Laurence leaves Verona to live in a hermitage until he dies.An new(prenominal)(a) remarkable plot difference is that the story takes place over nine months while Shakespeares version takes place over 5 twenty-four hourss. A key understructure of Brookes epic poem which permeates Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is 2 mania as a ghostlike Experience (or Love as a Form of Religious Worship). This idea of love is based on medieval courtly love poetry and was a strong influence on Brookes version of Romeo and Juliet. Love in this sense is not just lust scarcely is tempered by patience, romance, spirituality and heroism. The language used in this poetry was full of religious references.This idea of love was borrowed by Shakespeare in his version of the tale. Here are a few examples which reflect this theme If I profane with my unworthiest hand this consecrated shrine Romeo, scrap I Scene 5 Call me but love and Ill be new baptized. Juliet, Act II Scene 2 Swear by the gracious self, which is the god of my idolatry. Juliet, Act II Scene 2 This theme of love as religious worship demonstrates the young orthodontic bracess passion and devotion to one another. This return of affection from Juliet inflames the young Romeo as opposed to his advances towards the unfeeling Rosaline which were not reciprocated. Synopsis of the Play The extract infra is the synopsis as staged in The Romeo and Juliet Session day 1, Sunday The star crossed lovers meet and fall in love. Day 2, Monday They secretly marry in Friar Lawrences cell. Later, Romeo gets in a brawl with Tybalt and his best friend, Mercutio, is killed . Taking revenge, Romeo in turn kills Tybalt. For this murderous act The Prince banishes him. alone before fleeing to Mantua Romeo has a passionate night with his new bride. Day 3, Tuesday Mr. & Mrs. Capulet brutally force the rebellious Juliet to marry Paris.A now desperate Juliet runs to Friar Lawrence begging for help. He gives her a potion that induces a death-like state. Later that day Capulet moves the day of the wedding from Thursday to Wednesday. Day 4, Wednesday The nurse finds Juliet dead. The wedding preparations now become funeral preparations. Romeo hears of Juliets death and makes the journey to Verona. Day 5, Thursday Romeo arrives in Capulets tomb and takes his own life just before Juliet awakes. Seeing her dead lover by her side, the young Juliet takes Romeos wound and ends it. Benvolio, Romeo & Mercutio The function of Benvolios character is to provide a peaceful, passive personality in contrast to the lively and aggressive Mercutio. This is important as both characters have a significant influence on the young Romeo. Our hero demonstrates aspects of both characters at various points throughout the cultivate. Benvolios character foretells an end to the dissension. He is save member of Romeos generation to survive by the end of the coquet. We also know that Benvolio is trustworthy. After Mercutio has been slain, Benvolio recounts the events accurately and fairly to the Prince.Even though he belongs to one of the families in the feud, the Prince does not see it necessary to doubt his word, further proving his sincerity and earnestness. It might prove useful to skipk of the characters of Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio as three brothers Mercutio is the aggressive, jaded and, sometimes, mean eldest, Romeo is the youngest and close to spoilt as hes allowed to indulge his f eelings and cries a lot and Benvolio, the middle child, is a pricey mediator as he helps to dissolve tensions in the midst of the two (as middle children often do in real life).However, in our Romeo and Juliet Session, the actors confusion over how to play Benvolio is also a devised encounter point between the actor and Shakespeare which acts as a bridge to discuss 5 Elizabethan Attitudes to Homosexuality Freedom of choice, in this sense, was not allowed in Shakespeares day. Acceptance of Homosexuality as has been happening in todays Western society was non-existent, at least normally. If such attitudes were expressed in public then it could have serious repercussions as it went against acceptable norms of society.Practice of homosexuality was often punishable by death. 6 Lack of Female Performers In Shakespeares day women were not allowed onstage, in fact it was illegal. Their place was in the home. Every female character in those days was performed by men. In this play for e xample, teenage sons would play the role of Juliet, and older (generally burly and heavy) men, would play the Nurse. Its interesting to notice that the character of the pantomime Dame, can be traced back to this type of roles. Women we only allowed on stage after 1660 (many years after Shakespeare death). Mercutios Queen Mab Speech Whats the point of this monologue? Most productions of this play cut it out. Mercutios misanthropic take on love serves as a counterpoint to Romeos wistful one. Mercutio is warning Romeo that love is a trap that comes with many pitfalls and burdensome obligations. In addition to this Shakespeare seems to have been making a bit of a pun with the name Queen Mab. Traditionally, Queen Mab is known as the queen of the fairies. But in his time the words quean and mab were also references to whores. Ultimately, Mercutio is trying to deflate Romeos illusion of love.Ergo life is not a lovers fairytale. 8 Medieval disaster A common plot device in Medieval Traged y is that of unseen, hostile forces determining the destiny of the lovers. Shakespeare uses this concept in the play. When Romeo says, expire the term of a despised life closd in my breast (Act I Scene 4) he is foretelling his own death. This is not because he wants to die but to a greater extent because he feels that it is in his fate. Thats the reason why Shakespeare call them star crossed lovers in the Prologue to the play their fates written in the stars.But theyre ill-fated too conspiring against them are events, coincidences and accidents. For example 1. Romeos bad timing in arriving too early to Juliets tomb. 2. Romeo not getting Friar Laurences letter explaining his scheme of Juliets pretended death. 3. The dark shadow of the feud influences the secretive actions of the hasty lovers. This hastiness is a tragical flaw that both characters lot and it plays its part in the tragedy. In Juliets own words Too rash, too unadvised, too sudden. (Act II Scene 2) In fact, Romeo and Juliet are fated to die.This tragic device of impending doom was meant to make the audience pity the young and innocent lovers. In Romeos own words I am deals horse around. (Act III Scene 1) 9 Love vs. Lust Is Romeo really in love with Juliet or is he just a boy with a strong libido? Wasnt he hopelessly in love with Rosaline before? In his own words The all seeing sun neer saw her match since first the world begun. (Act I Scene 2). Romeo was gutted after Rosaline rejected him. If Juliet rejected him, would he have just found soul new, pined longer for Juliet, returned to Rosaline or do something else?Would it be fair to say that Romeo is in love with the idea of being in love? If we take the side of the furrow that Romeo is really in love this time, then this harks back to the theme of Love as a Religious Experience. Romeo and Juliets relationship is spiritual, heroic & romantic but it also contains lust, as in any romantic relationship. The world of Romeo and Juliets love is so all-consuming that, to restate John Donne, Nothing else is. (The Sun Rising, Stanza 3). This disregard for the external world is the bang of their pure love and the reason for their downfall.This meeting of these two soul mates has awoken them to a new world of feeling and passion that goes beyond anything theyve ever known before. 10 Conflict All the conflicts in the play are a result of the feud between the Montagues and Capulets which we are told in the play was Bred of an airy word (Prince, Act I Scene 1). No one seems to know what started it in the first place. All we know is that the familys of the Capulets and Montagues have born(p) a grudge for a long period of time, passing on the hatred from one generation to the next, and theyre not even sure why.However, the feud between the families has an historic basis. The period referred to in the play is between 1269 & 1387. This was a time when Verona was split between competing noble families. Italians at that time were d ivided. Some of them favoured a government ruled by the German emperor while others were part of a congress of city-states under the moral leadership of the Pope in Rome. So noble Families would often fight over the political high ground. But whats most important in this play is how the feud affects the young lovers and other characters.The feud is responsible for the fiery Tybalt seeking out Romeo for daring to show his face at the Capulets ball, its responsible for the lovers secret marriage, Mercutios and Tybalts murders, Romeos banishment and the Friars scheme which eventually leads to Romeo and Juliets death. 11 pragmatism vs. Telling the story There are inconsistencies in the play No one question why the young, 14 your old Juliet just suddenly dies. The vial of potion by her side is never found. Rosaline, was a Capulet too, a cousin of Juliet. But the feud between the families was never addressed in that case.Was Shakespeare unaware of these inconsistencies? Why were they no t addressed? This has a lot to do with how writing has changed over the years. Realism as we know it was an invention of the novels of the XVIII & XIX centuries. In Shakespeares day there wasnt an interest in depicting everyday life. so consistency wasnt as important as telling a story. Famous and quotes from Romeo and Juliet Below are some quotes that you may find useful to quote in your exams. A pair of star-crossed lovers. Prologue One fairer than my love? The all-seeing sunNeer saw her match since first the world begun, Romeo, Act I, scene 2 O she doth teach the torches to catch fire bright, Romeo, Act I, scene 5 Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, freshet For I neer saw true beauty till this night, Romeo, Act I, scene 5 My only love sprung from my only hate Too early seen unknown, and known too late Juliet, Act 1, scene 5 O Romeo, Romeo wherefore art thou Romeo? Juliet, Act II, scene 2 O, swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon, That monthly changes in her circled orb, Lest that thy love prove likewise variable. Juliet, Act II, scene 2 Good Night, Good night Parting is such sweet sorrow, that I shall say good night till it be morrow. Juliet, Act II, scene 2 Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. Juliet, Act II, scene 2 Wisely and slow they stumble that run fast, Friar Laurence, Act II, scene 3 mens eyes were made to look, and let them gaze. Mercutio, Act III, scene 1 A plague o both your houses Mercutio, Act III, scene 1 O, I am Fortunes fool Romeo, Act III, scene 1 Give me my Romeo and, when he shall die,Take him and cut him out in little stars, And he will make the face of heaven so fine That all the world will be in love with night, And pay no worship to the garish sun. Juliet, Act III, scene 2 therefore I defy you, stars Romeo, Act V, scene 1 For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo. Prince, Act 5, scene 3 Shakespeares component to the English Language Shake speare is credited by the Oxford English Dictionary with the introduction of nearly 3,000 worlds into the language. It doesnt mean that he created them all but that his works were the earlier citation.Below is small list of words and phrases from Shakespeares plays. Many widely used today Words Accommodation Amazement Apostrophe Assassination Auspicious Bloody impinge on Courtship Critic Critical Dwindle Exposure Frugal Generous Gloomy Hurry Invulnerable Laughable Lonely Majestic Misplaced monolithic Multitudinous Obscene Pious Premeditated Radiance Road Sanctimonious Sportive Suspicious Phrases all that glitters isnt gold as dead as a doornail break the ice catch a cold clothes make the man disgraceful conduct eaten out of house and home elbowroom fair play foregone conclusion heart of gold heartsick hot-blooded housekeeping in a pickle in stitches in the twinkling of an eye its Grecian to me lackluster laughing stock leapfrog l ong-haired method in his madness minds eye mums the word naked truth uncomplete a borrower nor a lender be neither here nor there send him packing set your teeth on edge sorry sight to be or not to be to thine own self be true too much of a good thing vanish into thin air wear ones heart on ones sleeve pic pic pic

Cohabitation and Marriage

In the past 40 years there has been a dramatic change in the amounts of jointure and cohabitation, for example 60% of first time unions end in divorce, which substance the amount of indorse marriages amaze increased because e very(prenominal)one always demands someone to hold onto in life and you force out never be too old to find that someone.Firstly, when a male and female are married, there is important factors to consider. traditionally it was important for the male to be the Breadwinner in the family and bring in the income, and for the female to be a woman of the house and tend to the childrens needs as well as the household, cooking every meal and alter the house. It was important for the family to have a function in society.But now tradition has been pushed aside and now women have careers, Sue Sharpe discovered this change in womens views on life when she first visited a schoolhouse in 1976 to see that the girls at the school only had visioned of being a housewife in the future, she past returned to the same school in 1994 to observe that all the girls had dreamed of having careers, this shows that women now having more of a lineament in society could prove a struggle for men not being the leader anymore.Also in a marriage men and women moreover look for not expert love, but friendship. If friendship is not found or one partner doesnt open up to their lover, then a marriage can start to crumble. Plus divorce is also frowned upon by functionalists. Furthermore in the past 40 years there has been an increase in cohabitation ( lifespan together but not being married). There can be many reasons for this, from economical and not being able to afford a wedding seen as the average church wedding costs ? 15,000 or not being ready.One of the most popular reasons is that couples want to in a sense try out a go away with somebody before they spend spacious amounts of money and vow to spend the rest of their lives with someone who they might not ev en like, this gives them a pass off to back out of proceedings and find their soul mate. Moreover another reason that cohabitation is increasing is because of stability. Cohabitation is very rare cases lasts longer than ten years, therefore first marriages are more stable and cohabitation is ecumenically safer for junior couples as they dont have to rush into the rest of their lives.Feminists note that womens expectations of marriage have radically changed, compared with previous generations. In the 1990s, most divorce petitions were put forward by women. This may support Thornes and Collards (1979) view that women expect far more from marriage than men and, in particular, that they mensurate friendship and emotional gratification more than then do. If husbands fail to love up to these expectations, women may note the need to look elsewhere.This would also support the fact that, on average, the number of divorce proceedings started by women is about 70%. In the past 40 years a lso, the standard of living has increased greatly, which means mass are living longer, this includes Scientific and medical advances, the welfare state, safer and healthier working conditions, higher try-on standards, improved education and health awareness, better food and food technology e. g. microwaves and toasters, better hygiene and sanitization and improved medical care.All these factors are huge reasons why people have started living longer, and with people living longer there is more of a chance of marriage in their long lived lifes and more than just one. . On the other hand there has been a decrease in family size, this is because of More child-centeredness, increasing geographical mobility, improved and ease of access contraception, declining death and infant mortality rate, the welfare state, the changing role of women, arrogant education of children and the change of norms and values.These are all elements in which influence the decline in average family size. Last ly, there has been an increase in marriage because of growing secularization, the changes on the views of religion meant that people from different countries have integrate from their foreign countries and settled in Britain, where they have found love, and for them it is more traditional for them to marry before living together. The basic development of cohabitation is that it is on the increase and has been for the last decade.The proportion of non-married people cohabiting has risen sharply in the last 20 years from 11% of men and 13% of women in 1986 to 24% and 25% respectively. In 2007, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) suggested that cohabiting couples are the fastest growing family type in the UK. In fact, around 2. 2 million families are cohabiting couples with or without children. This family type has grown by 65% since 1997, and really, the numbers are likely to be higher than this because the ONS data did not include same-sex couples living together.In addition, the ONS data suggested that a third of teenagers in 2007 were destined to cohabit rather than marry compared with one in ten of their grandparents. As we gathered that the general course of instruction is on the increase, its good to know the reasons why. One of the first reasons, which I mentioned earlier on, is that people like to cohabit to test the water. During this period, they leave assess whether they (the couple) are compatible with each other and whether they will be able to live with each other before making any sort of commitments.After all, cohabitation on average lasts for 5 years, which then 60% of cohabitees will then marry. Another reason for the said trend is that there are a significant number of people who live together whilst waiting for a divorce. For example, in 2005, 23% of cohabiting men were separated from a previous partner whilst 36% were divorced. So although a person may be married, they may have separated and moved into another house to live with a person they have met. They will then be counted as a cohabitee.

Be able to work in a person-centred way Essay

2.1- locomote with an individual and others to find discover the individuals history, preferences, wishes and necessitate I should refer to any earlier files held with regards to that somebody Social workers/agencies/person involved in placing the individual into our flush should provide as oftentimes background info as possible, (psychical, mental, social and emotional health, medical history, behavioural history, personal inte proportions so forth)- myself and the rest of my staff team should familiarise themselves with these files. A new leaf node will undergo assessment, assessing the clients wishes, preferences and needs. This assessment should be completed within 6 weeks of coming into our vexation.It allows us to truly acknowledge the clients get out out needs and wishes, providing us with the grounds to formulate and implement an effective sympathize with plan that shows a straightforward reflection of the clients needs, character and preferences. Individuals in our care will be given chances to accept in regular discussions about their care and how we are promoting their care towards their own wishes and preferences.Comments will be take from the individual to evidence they are given several opportunities to shake off their in seat when discussing their care and care strategies. If a care plan doesnt reflect a true individuals wishes and needs and does non promote person centred care then I have the responsibility of reporting this to my line theater director, in lay out for it to be altered to a more effective person centred document.2.2- Demonstrate ways to put person-centred values into practice in a complex or sensitive case Complex cases go away depending upon the client and their individual circumstances, values and beliefs. For instance a clients care needs may be that they require support in personal care, however the client wishes for this support is to be as minimal as possible to cite some dignity and self independence. Here our service needs to assess how we can me the individuals care needs but also promote person-centred care by accommodating the clients wishes. This can be done by figuring out what support the client is comfortable with and non. For example the client may be happy to have assistant when bathing, providing intimate areas are correctly covered, and staff allow them to dress and undress on their own to maintain privacy. Here all care needs regarding personal care and hygiene are beingness met as well as delivering it in a person-centred approach.2.3- Adapt actions and approaches in response toan individuals changing needs or preferences Care records and individual risk assessments need to be constantly reviewed in order to make in an appropriate operative document. Strategies, approaches and the clients preferences may alter meaning methods of delivering care may change. thence in order to ensure care needs can be met in a person centred care approach, records need to be ch anged and staff need to be communicated and updated on strategy changes. Staff should have full training in care plans and how they work therefore they will be able to supervise the care plan on a daily basis and act in according to the care strategies. They will become aware of any changes in the client and whether they need to implement alterations. If I government note trusted areas of the care plan are not working efficiently to meet the needs our client and could be improved, it is then my responsibility to report this back to my manager, so they can review and update if necessary. When working with the client if I notice any unusual behaviour or causes of concerns I should report it to my manager then depending on the circumstances the care records and risk assessments will be reassessed and the clients behaviour will be monitored. Be able to establish coincide when providing care or support3.1 canvass factors that influence the capacity of an individual to express hold The term consent capacity describes an adults ability to understand information relevant to making an informed decision. These decisions can vary on the wideness such as what the client eats, to activities they participate in, medical consent, so forth. In more complex care decisions such as care strategies, medical options, safe guarding approaches, etc consent from the client may actually not be whats best for client. Ones mental/intellectual ability can be affected for versatile reasons, disorders, conditions, and injuries can affect a persons ability to understand such information. Informed consent is a phrase often used to intelligently indicate that the consent a person gives meets certain minimum standards. In order to give informed consent, the client concerned must have competent reasoning ability and be in possession of all relevant facts at the time consent is given. Impairments to reasoning and judgment which may make it impossible for someone to give informed consen t.For example basal intellectual or emotional immaturity, high levels of stress such as PTSD, orsevere instruction difficulties, mental illnesses affecting ones own welfare, intoxication, severe sleep deprivation, Alzheimers disease, or being in a coma. In these cases consent would need to sought elsewhere, this needs to be from the performing legal guardian for the client (even if its short or long term guardian ship, until the client is able to make appropriate decisions for their own welfare, consent will be needed from legal guardians) such as an acting family member taking legal parental ownership, social workers, having actual legal guardian status, etc.